Rail - t o - Rail Const ant - Transconduct ance Input Stage Operating in Stroing Inversion Vladimir
نویسنده
چکیده
A CMOS o p a m p input and gain stage suitable for low voltage operation are introduced. The input stage operates in strong inversion and has common-mode range beyond rail-to-rail. It uses two complementary differential pairs connected in parallel. The common-mode dependent current biasing employs only four transistors, does not require additional voltage references, current switches and/or current mirrors and does not increase the minimum required supply voltage. The variation of the net transconductance is approximately 15% over the entire common-mode range. The gain-stage has constant output resistance. In addition it reduces the variation of the net transconductance due to variations in p,, / p p ratio. : , 1. , t !
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